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[Jason]

I can't believe no one said this before, but there is no way that a DNA test can tell you whether a person was born in the U.S. or Canada. It just cannot specify that info.

[Jason]

Generally, Family Tree DNA does not report 32/37 or below as matches. If you only match someone at 32/37 or below, when you previously matched them at 24/25, it does undermine the strength of the match considerably.

[Jason]

There is a server error which is causing 25-marker match notices to be sent erroneously.

[Jason]

The bottom line is that DNA Print has lost its credibility as an accurate scientific testing company. I'm afraid that you wasted your money, but it would be even more unfortunate if you became confused about your heritage as a result of these poor tests.

[Jason]

Y-DNA group A is African.

[Jason]

The two tests (STR markers and SNP) require different techniques. The SNP is harder to do "cold," so it is better to have at least 12 markers tested so that there is an estimated SNP haplogroup to search for.

If you are interested in deep ancestry, an SNP test would be much...

[Jason]

Sometimes genetic matches can be random, and do not necessarily indicate common ancestry. Sometimes genetic matches can stretch back before the time of surnames, and so there could be a common ancestor but it couldn't be pinpointed.

But when a genetic match also includes a common surname,...

[Jason]

I think I understand your question. And the answer would be that the more matches you have, the more likely you are to be related. So, testing 25 would automatically tell you with greater certainty how closely you were related to another person (with the same 25 marker test), than merely testing 12....

[Jason]

As for the question about Y-DNA and mtDNA as identifying markers, you only have one Y-DNA haplogroup. It tells you the deep ancestry of your father's father's father's father etc. The same is true for mtDNA, which tells you the deep ancestry of your mother's mother's mother's mother etc.
...

[Jason]

A 12-marker Y-test is usually sufficient for telling you which haplogroup you belong to. The haplogroup will be estimated based on those results, but can be confirmed for an additional $65 SNP test.

If you are only interested in haplogroups, just get the 12-marker test. The full 37...

[Jason]

It is impossible for you to determine the ethnicity of your birth father through a Y-chromosome test, unless you know of a blood brother who can be tested.

It is also very difficult to determine the specific ethnicity of a birth mother through an mtDNA test, especially if she was European...

[Jason]

I am surprised that, during the Centum-Satem portion of this discussion, that no one offered the hypothesis that the original Indo-European speakers were *both* R1a and I.

R1a would explain (most of) the Satem branches of Indo-European, while I would explain the spread of Centum branches...

[Jason]

Not to my knowledge, but remember that in order to buy a Y-SNP test you first need to have a Y-STR test, so it is not really that cheap.

[Jason]

Why has this thread continued? The original poster gives the impression of being contentious and not mentally capable of understanding the questions that are being discussed. In my opinion, this thread should be treated as equivalent to that of a troll and should be ignored.

[Jason]

Your father will have the exact same Y-chromosome pattern as you, as will your paternal grandfather. It would be a waste of money to do that.

Your maternal grandfather's Y chromosome would provide a picture of your maternal deep ancestry.

If your paternal grandmother has...