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  • Deirwha
    replied
    Tribes

    Please note as I write this I have deliberately not quoted anybody. I am not meaning to take a potshot at anyone or hold anyone's beliefs to ridicule. I am trying a different way of expressing my views about an ethnicity hunting focus to population genetics.

    I have not taken a tribes exam.

    I have been thinking about this ethnic identity thing for awhile. Those of you who have followed my posts know the ambivalence I have expressed concerning it and the fears I have concerning its place in the work of population genetics.

    I would much rather we be comparing our markers with known environmental changes across time than pottery shards, amulets, burial practices, weaponry, and who killed who when. Although I am all for testing the deceased to ground any conclusions about the human journey. I pretty much think climate, diet, elevation, availability of resources, ways in which we made our living, etc. were and are far more significant and decisive in determining which changes in dna survive and prosper and which do not.

    That said, ethnicity seems to be the big deal. Just look at all the posts.

    So I have decided to decide and declare mine. I may have a tattoo made.

    I have decided I am Ethiopian.

    I arrived at this conclusion by these criteria: length of time in one general geographic location with appropriate continuity in customs for the longest period of time.

    So, first I eliminated competing identities that just weren't competitive. I eliminated my mother's family altogether. T1b. Just too darn ubiquitous, infrequent, and mysterious to get a bead on anyone past 1825. I eliminated my father's Cornish. Only been there 370 years that I can document. I then eliminated the English because whether we came with the wool growers in the 14th century or the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in as early as 414 ce, well, that is only at most 1600 years. Even if that little theory about the Belgae or the tribe, the name of which escapes me, that inhabited and controlled Somerset before the Romans proves correct, we are still at a mere 2600-2700 years.

    Ok, then there is the group known as the Saxonase. Not sure the Saxonase were in fact the same as the Saxon, but the Romans and Greeks kinda thought so; and hey, I have one of my higher STR concentrations (at over 1%) in Iran (the Saxonase were Western Iranian Steppe horsemen although no one is exactly sure which of the tribes they were). So, let's give that a whirl. But that at most is 1900-2000 years. Even if you stretch cultural definitions and continuity, oh, just a stretch and add it on to the Saxon period we are talking lest than 6,000 measly years.

    Nothing of which I am aware comes close to the 11-15,000 estimated years spent in Ethiopia.

    Moreover, the quest for ethnic identity is often described in terms as search for origins and a "homeland." Well if 11-15,000 years in one spot when our ancestors are believed to have first made their appearance as exactly like us doesn't qualify as origins and homeland, what does? Well, ok, maybe I should have opted for the San People and South Africa. Actually, that would be kinda symmetrical. The Afrikaners were Dutch and South Africa is about on the same level with Iran in STR match frequency. Maybe I should rethink this.

    No. Wrong direction. Gotta count from an Ethopian beginning some 60,000 years ago. So I have decided. I am an Ethiopian.

    My signature will reflect than from now on.

    Leave a comment:


  • katiecarol
    replied
    It might be helpful to really dig into the family history I had alot of scots scores
    Glagsgow Scotland 321.23
    Dundee Scotland 291.82
    Strathclyde Scotland 197.77


    But as all my ancestors were English,with no scottish ancestors ever noted, I thought it was some generic [norse/celt] result,it may still be.But I had a proper look at my paternal family lines tonight and one of my oldest lines is the Sherrat family.The family apparently has been in England since the 14th century but it states that the "first Sherratt" came to England from Scotland and is buried "between or at Elmdon - Burslem in-Staffordshire."
    Burslem is where my Sherrat family came from so they would have been more directly related to this original scottish migrant.Perhaps explaining my scots scores.

    Leave a comment:


  • tomcat
    replied
    Originally posted by V.R.R View Post
    Hello! I am from Brazil and would like to share my DNA Tribes and Family Tree Dna results. My scores (of the 21 markers test) were very low....
    Part C:
    (1) Sao Paulo, Brazil (0.5) 295.31;
    (2) Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (3) Hispanic (Connecticut, U.S.A.) (0.61) 225.40;
    (4) Minas Gerais, Brazil (0.48) 224.73;
    (5) Moroccan (Belgium) (0.27) 171.35;
    (6) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    ...
    In my modest knowledge of my genealogy I have no close or distant kinship with north africa; middle east or europe north barbarian (scotts, english, germans...) persons.
    ...
    Your Global matches seem a fit to your stated ancestry. You can use 10 of your markers for free on an all-European online database: www. str-base.org/

    Leave a comment:


  • Jim Honeychuck
    replied
    Originally posted by V.R.R View Post
    Hello! I am from Brazil and would like to share my DNA Tribes and Family Tree Dna results. My scores (of the 21 markers test) were very low. Some of the results were accurate other strangers.
    My top 6.
    Part B:
    (1)Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (2) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    (3) Arab (Morocco) (0.34) 121.48;
    (4) Flemish (Belgium) (0.39) 109.71;
    (5) Flemish (0.43) 87.11;
    (6) Sicilia, Italy (0.41) 76.49;
    Part C:
    (1) Sao Paulo, Brazil (0.5) 295.31;
    (2) Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (3) Hispanic (Connecticut, U.S.A.) (0.61) 225.40;
    (4) Minas Gerais, Brazil (0.48) 224.73;
    (5) Moroccan (Belgium) (0.27) 171.35;
    (6) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    Part D:
    (1) North African (0.36) 95.83;
    (2) Northwest European (0.3) 44.98;
    (3) Mediterranean (0.28) 33.31;
    (4) Levantine (0.32) 29.69;
    (5)Aegean (0.31) 21.08;
    (6) Arabian (0.14) 8.60;

    My Dna tribes europe gave me even more low scores. My (poor) Top 3:
    (1) Norse (0.32) 49.09;
    (2) Spanish (0.29) 46.34;
    (3) Celtic (0.29) 45.40;

    In my modest knowledge of my genealogy I have no close or distant kinship with north africa; middle east or europe north barbarian (scotts, english, germans...) persons.

    My results for Family tree Dna: YDNA (25): R1bb1b2; MTDNA: H (I waiting for the result of the: mtDNARefine(HVR2)).

    I tried to contact the Ancestry by dna lab but (to perform they exam) I received no response.

    Thats it.

    Thank you very much for the attention!
    Interesting that none of your top scores are Portuguese, considering that DNA Tribes certainly has Portuguese reference samples:
    Northern Portugal (104)
    Northern Portugal (286)
    Portuguese (100)
    Portuguese (146)
    Portuguese (365)
    Portuguese (78)
    Portuguese (Central Portugal) (100)
    Portuguese (Northern Portugal) (250)
    Portuguese (Azores) (100)

    So it looks like you probably do have ancestry somewhere in northwest Europe.

    Put your Y-DNA results onto Ysearch and your mtDNA results onto Mitosearch, and see if you have any close matches in northwest Europe.

    Regards,
    Jim

    Leave a comment:


  • katiecarol
    replied
    Your scores are very low for a 21 marker test .There was a strong dutch presence in brazil http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Brazil which might account for the flemish results.The basque/portuguese sometimes cluster together,so maybe its pointing to a very ancient root for your portuguese/spanish ancestry,who knows.Many british people get neolithic basque matches on dnatribes which would lead me to believe dnatribe results are indicative of very ancient/deep ancestry.

    Your 'Native' matches do look very 'british'with the basque/scots scores but as far as I know there wasnt much of a british presence in brazil?

    'Native' matches are suppose to refer to 'deep ancestry' only.Native matches are taken from relatively isolated groups that have experienced less admixture/movement than more recent "global areas".With brazil like the US having so much recent admixture I don't think 'native' matches would be found to any clear group - only vague ties as suggested by your low scores.

    Your global matches seem correct,dnatribes cull global scores from groups that have experienced more colonisation,recent movement/admixture - global scores are suppose to be indicative of your closest genetic relatives living today - which would be in Brazil.

    Perhaps you had a lone scot ancestor,there were some minor scots immigrants to brazil but I doubt that is the connection.More likely some spanish ancestry that is showing affinity with brits.

    Originally posted by V.R.R View Post
    Hello! I am from Brazil and would like to share my DNA Tribes and Family Tree Dna results. My scores (of the 21 markers test) were very low. Some of the results were accurate other strangers.
    My top 6.
    Part B:
    (1)Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (2) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    (3) Arab (Morocco) (0.34) 121.48;
    (4) Flemish (Belgium) (0.39) 109.71;
    (5) Flemish (0.43) 87.11;
    (6) Sicilia, Italy (0.41) 76.49;
    Part C:
    (1) Sao Paulo, Brazil (0.5) 295.31;
    (2) Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (3) Hispanic (Connecticut, U.S.A.) (0.61) 225.40;
    (4) Minas Gerais, Brazil (0.48) 224.73;
    (5) Moroccan (Belgium) (0.27) 171.35;
    (6) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    Part D:
    (1) North African (0.36) 95.83;
    (2) Northwest European (0.3) 44.98;
    (3) Mediterranean (0.28) 33.31;
    (4) Levantine (0.32) 29.69;
    (5)Aegean (0.31) 21.08;
    (6) Arabian (0.14) 8.60;

    My Dna tribes europe gave me even more low scores. My (poor) Top 3:
    (1) Norse (0.32) 49.09;
    (2) Spanish (0.29) 46.34;
    (3) Celtic (0.29) 45.40;

    In my modest knowledge of my genealogy I have no close or distant kinship with north africa; middle east or europe north barbarian (scotts, english, germans...) persons.

    My results for Family tree Dna: YDNA (25): R1bb1b2; MTDNA: H (I waiting for the result of the: mtDNARefine(HVR2)).

    I tried to contact the Ancestry by dna lab but (to perform they exam) I received no response.

    Thats it.

    Thank you very much for the attention!
    Last edited by katiecarol; 12 March 2009, 04:59 AM.

    Leave a comment:


  • rainbow
    replied
    Originally posted by V.R.R View Post
    Hello! I am from Brazil and would like to share my DNA Tribes and Family Tree Dna results. My scores (of the 21 markers test) were very low. Some of the results were accurate other strangers.
    My top 6.
    Part B:
    (1)Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (2) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    (3) Arab (Morocco) (0.34) 121.48;
    (4) Flemish (Belgium) (0.39) 109.71;
    (5) Flemish (0.43) 87.11;
    (6) Sicilia, Italy (0.41) 76.49;
    Part C:
    (1) Sao Paulo, Brazil (0.5) 295.31;
    (2) Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (3) Hispanic (Connecticut, U.S.A.) (0.61) 225.40;
    (4) Minas Gerais, Brazil (0.48) 224.73;
    (5) Moroccan (Belgium) (0.27) 171.35;
    (6) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    Part D:
    (1) North African (0.36) 95.83;
    (2) Northwest European (0.3) 44.98;
    (3) Mediterranean (0.28) 33.31;
    (4) Levantine (0.32) 29.69;
    (5)Aegean (0.31) 21.08;
    (6) Arabian (0.14) 8.60;

    My Dna tribes europe gave me even more low scores. My (poor) Top 3:
    (1) Norse (0.32) 49.09;
    (2) Spanish (0.29) 46.34;
    (3) Celtic (0.29) 45.40;

    In my modest knowledge of my genealogy I have no close or distant kinship with north africa; middle east or europe north barbarian (scotts, english, germans...) persons.

    My results for Family tree Dna: YDNA (25): R1bb1b2; MTDNA: H (I waiting for the result of the: mtDNARefine(HVR2)).

    I tried to contact the Ancestry by dna lab but (to perform they exam) I received no response.

    Thats it.

    Thank you very much for the attention!
    Hi V.R.R.
    Thank you for posting.

    AncestryByDna has closed up shop ("suspended operations") and I know of one person on this forum who is trying to get a refund of the test he paid for but hasn't received results. I hope AncestryByDna re-opens. Maybe their dna samples were seized by the FBI? Sorry, my wild imagination running away with me again.


    From your DNATribes, I would say that you are part Basque. And that you are part Scottish or Irish. The Flemish matches reflect Dutch. You are from Brazil and I think the Dutch colonized parts of Brazil before the Portuguese, or about the same time. I am part Dutch on my fathers side. One of my Dutch ancestors came to the US in 1650, but I found out he lived in Brazil for a while before coming to the US, or New Amsterdam (present day New York).
    Your result indicates you have Dutch ancestry too, most likely from way back, from the days of colonial Brazil.
    Last edited by rainbow; 11 March 2009, 01:18 PM.

    Leave a comment:


  • rainbow
    replied
    Originally posted by Maria_W View Post
    This is my World Region Report from Jan 19, 2008. Forgot to post it...

    1. Eastern European: 400.78 (.66) Slavic speaking regions
    2. Northwest European: 320.44 (.56) Celtic and Germanic speaking regions
    3. Finno Ugrian: 290.34 (.59) The Uralic speaking regions
    4. Mediterranean: 92.33 (.44) The romance speaking regions
    5. Aeagen: 11.21 (.21) The eastern Mediterranean and Anatolia region and modern day Turkey, Greece,Italy and Sicily.
    6. North African 8.76 (.13) Atlas Mountains and the Sahara Desert.
    7. Mesopotamiam 3.95 (.11) Iran, Iraq and nearby territorries.
    8. Levatine 1.46 (.5) Populations along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

    My known ancestry for the last 400 years is: Potowomecke from Colonial Virginia, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, England, France, Germany and Switzerland.

    Maria
    Hi Maria
    I like to compare ours because our ancestry is similar, from the same countries, and have been in the US for hundreds of years, except for my 1/4 Slavic side that came here in the 20th century, and a pair of my great great grandparents who came here in the 19th century from the British Isles. I'm 1/4 Slavic and I have an Eastern European score of only 14.23, but you have no Slavic ancestry and yours is 400.78.
    And I also have a teensy bit of Potowomecke from Colonial Virginia on my mothers side, according to distant cousins that have traced certain lines. We are distant cousins too.


    I have a new theory about where my 17% Native American is coming from. Not so new. Maybe my Slavic paternal grandfather wasn't my biological grandfather afterall. So it would be coming from an unknown Native American man and not from my paternal grandmother. But I wonder how. I wonder where my grandmother went on vacation in the summer of 1927, if she went on vacation.
    I think that would certainly make sense, given my overall results. I have a lot of Flemish matches in my top 20 and my paternal grandmothers fathers side had some Dutch ancestry.


    It's easier to compare if I put both of ours in the same post.

    Part D: World Regions. I have twelve of 1.0 and greater.
    North African (0.32) 65.35
    Mediterranean (0.34) 53.57
    Northwest European (0.3) 44.48
    Levantine (0.37) 40.80
    Aegean (0.39) 37.86
    Mestizo (0.45) 28.41
    Mesopotamian (0.32) 22.85
    Finno-Ugrian (0.26) 19.42
    Eastern European (0.21) 14.23
    North India (0.34) 10.80
    Arabian (0.15) 9.65
    South India (0.07) 1.40
    Last edited by rainbow; 11 March 2009, 01:05 PM.

    Leave a comment:


  • V.R.R
    replied
    My Dna Tribes and Family Tree Dna results.

    Hello! I am from Brazil and would like to share my DNA Tribes and Family Tree Dna results. My scores (of the 21 markers test) were very low. Some of the results were accurate other strangers.
    My top 6.
    Part B:
    (1)Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (2) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    (3) Arab (Morocco) (0.34) 121.48;
    (4) Flemish (Belgium) (0.39) 109.71;
    (5) Flemish (0.43) 87.11;
    (6) Sicilia, Italy (0.41) 76.49;
    Part C:
    (1) Sao Paulo, Brazil (0.5) 295.31;
    (2) Basque (Basque Country, Spain) (0.44) 242.91;
    (3) Hispanic (Connecticut, U.S.A.) (0.61) 225.40;
    (4) Minas Gerais, Brazil (0.48) 224.73;
    (5) Moroccan (Belgium) (0.27) 171.35;
    (6) Strathclyde, Scotland (0.35) 168.31;
    Part D:
    (1) North African (0.36) 95.83;
    (2) Northwest European (0.3) 44.98;
    (3) Mediterranean (0.28) 33.31;
    (4) Levantine (0.32) 29.69;
    (5)Aegean (0.31) 21.08;
    (6) Arabian (0.14) 8.60;

    My Dna tribes europe gave me even more low scores. My (poor) Top 3:
    (1) Norse (0.32) 49.09;
    (2) Spanish (0.29) 46.34;
    (3) Celtic (0.29) 45.40;

    In my modest knowledge of my genealogy I have no close or distant kinship with north africa; middle east or europe north barbarian (scotts, english, germans...) persons.

    My results for Family tree Dna: YDNA (25): R1bb1b2; MTDNA: H (I waiting for the result of the: mtDNARefine(HVR2)).

    I tried to contact the Ancestry by dna lab but (to perform they exam) I received no response.

    Thats it.

    Thank you very much for the attention!

    Leave a comment:


  • katiecarol
    replied
    The slavs were used/sold as slaves in the 9th/10th century by vikings and were taken/sold across europe and probably to the isles,they were also sent to the middle east.There has also been a migration of poles and other slavs to Britain prior to the 19th century.

    Celts have also lived across eastern europe and may have intermarried with the slavs
    there. The celts left sometime around the 1st century.

    Hidden jewish ancestry sometimes results in some levantine and eastern european scores.

    Leave a comment:


  • rainbow
    replied
    Originally posted by Maria_W View Post
    This is my World Region Report from Jan 19, 2008. Forgot to post it...

    1. Eastern European: 400.78 (.66) Slavic speaking regions
    2. Northwest European: 320.44 (.56) Celtic and Germanic speaking regions
    3. Finno Ugrian: 290.34 (.59) The Uralic speaking regions
    4. Mediterranean: 92.33 (.44) The romance speaking regions
    5. Aeagen: 11.21 (.21) The eastern Mediterranean and Anatolia region and modern day Turkey, Greece,Italy and Sicily.
    6. North African 8.76 (.13) Atlas Mountains and the Sahara Desert.
    7. Mesopotamiam 3.95 (.11) Iran, Iraq and nearby territorries.
    8. Levatine 1.46 (.5) Populations along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

    My known ancestry for the last 400 years is: Potowomecke from Colonial Virginia, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, England, France, Germany and Switzerland.

    Maria

    Thanks for posting your world region matches. Why on earth would you get Eastern European as your top match when you don't have any Eastern European ancestry?

    I see you also have a match to North African, although it is low. That one is my top match. I have no ancestry from there.

    Atlas Mountains and Sahara Desert?

    I'm guessing that maybe the last glacial refuge, or whatever it was called was actually on land near Gibraltar or the Atlas Mountains, and the area flooded, or whatever, and then the masses of people moved up into Iberia. Or most went up into Iberia, and some went down into the Atlas Mountains. Just an idea. My mtdna H1 is most common in Iberia, but can be found in North Africa too.

    Sounds like the story of Atlantis, doesn't it?
    Last edited by rainbow; 10 March 2009, 03:35 PM.

    Leave a comment:


  • Maria_W
    replied
    DNA Tribes World Region....

    This is my World Region Report from Jan 19, 2008. Forgot to post it...

    1. Eastern European: 400.78 (.66) Slavic speaking regions
    2. Northwest European: 320.44 (.56) Celtic and Germanic speaking regions
    3. Finno Ugrian: 290.34 (.59) The Uralic speaking regions
    4. Mediterranean: 92.33 (.44) The romance speaking regions
    5. Aeagen: 11.21 (.21) The eastern Mediterranean and Anatolia region and modern day Turkey, Greece,Italy and Sicily.
    6. North African 8.76 (.13) Atlas Mountains and the Sahara Desert.
    7. Mesopotamiam 3.95 (.11) Iran, Iraq and nearby territorries.
    8. Levatine 1.46 (.5) Populations along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

    My known ancestry for the last 400 years is: Potowomecke from Colonial Virginia, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, England, France, Germany and Switzerland.

    Maria

    Leave a comment:


  • derinos
    replied
    Brythonic English = Britons=Welsh

    Originally posted by rainbow View Post
    I have a lot of Iberian/Portugal/Spain in my top 20. I guess that means I'm more straight up celt than the average Scot. I am part Scottish and expected Scotland or UK to be my top match, but it isn't even in my current top 20. I have a top 20 match to Denmark. Maybe Denmark represents my English side that may be mostly from Danish settlers (Jute & Norman, & Danelaw area, etc). Maybe my Portugual matches indicate more Brythionic English ancestry (old celt) than Danish English.



    OK. I don't think I look like my world region top matches of North African & Mediterranean. I think I look English/Scottish.

    Response:
    And they (the Brythons or Welsh) inhabited Southern Scotland for a long time:
    "Strathclyde evolved from the former Damnonian territories and was centred on Dumbarton Rock, which was known as Ar Clwydd, on Clyde. Its extent reached from Loch Lomond across to Stirlingshire, down lower Clydeside and North Ayrshire. It is the only one of the North British kingdoms that lies wholly within Scotland. AP Smythe (35) states that "The Clyde valley under the Dumbarton Britons never fell to the Angles" and that Strathclyde remained British until the formation of the Kingdom of Scotland. Kenneth Jackson (in Celt and Saxon, 31) tells us that "there can be no reasonable doubt that Strathclyde was a Christian country" The annals of 750CE tell us of the Picts and the Northumbrians working together to take Dumbarton rock. The hold it for a mere nine days before the Britons reclaim it. This might of the Strathclyders is shown by Nora Chadwick (Celtic Britain, 39) who reports that "Bede implies the strength of the old British kingdom of Dumbarton when he refers to it as

    Leave a comment:


  • rainbow
    replied
    Originally posted by katiecarol View Post
    All they attempt to do is see where your markers are most frequent in the world,nothing more,nothing less.Nowhere do they indicate or assume that you belong to any particular group.I know when I see 'scots' score that I do not come from Scotland,but that I have markers more common to Scots [celtic-norse hybrids] than to [straight up celts] who would get Iberia/spain/portugal etc - that's why anyone who gets scotland gets norway too.Alot of Tribes results correlate with Mtdna and Y studies,they are not entirely useless yet. Until we've all done some study in molecular anthropology we can't really write them off.
    I have a lot of Iberian/Portugal/Spain in my top 20. I guess that means I'm more straight up celt than the average Scot. I am part Scottish and expected Scotland or UK to be my top match, but it isn't even in my current top 20. I have a top 20 match to Denmark. Maybe Denmark represents my English side that may be mostly from Danish settlers (Jute & Norman, & Danelaw area, etc). Maybe my Portugual matches indicate more Brythionic English ancestry (old celt) than Danish English.


    Originally posted by katiecarol View Post
    I'm all for STR markers,I was just highlighting that people expect their tribes results to adhere with their physical appearence,which is ridiculous because the dna they test doesn't code for appearence.
    OK. I don't think I look like my world region top matches of North African & Mediterranean. I think I look English/Scottish.
    Last edited by rainbow; 3 March 2009, 12:12 PM.

    Leave a comment:


  • Deirwha
    replied
    and a very good point

    Originally posted by katiecarol View Post
    I'm all for STR markers,I was just highlighting that people expect their tribes results to adhere with their physical appearence,which is ridiculous because the dna they test doesn't code for appearence.

    I don't know that I understood that. See, this forum does provide useful info all the time. Thanks.

    Leave a comment:


  • katiecarol
    replied
    I'm all for STR markers,I was just highlighting that people expect their tribes results to adhere with their physical appearence,which is ridiculous because the dna they test doesn't code for appearence.

    Originally posted by Kathleen Carrow View Post
    Does that really matter?
    I just saw this posted on Rootsweb site:

    "One thing you can say about the use of CODIS markers for biogeographical assays is that LD( linkeage disequilibrium) is not a problem there -- the CODIS set has a {lot} of information packed into each marker "

    which I thought was a very good point by the poster.. I don't know how you can go wrong looking at the CODIS markers..there are thousands in the population databases..and still you need to make some assumptions.
    I am glad and satisfied with what if have learned from DNA Tribes.It continues to evolve and for $25 I can have new samples run every time they get a bunch of new populations that are relevant in.

    You always have to evaluate results in every test you take.There are NO crystal balls out there yet but many of us have taken our bits and pieces of results and made scholarly conclusions from them.
    No magic wands though..

    Leave a comment:

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