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On saamiblog.blogspot.com (a really gorgeous, interesting blog), the author of the blog states:
"The early origins of the present Saami are northwestern European. In some parts of the Saami areas some of our ancestors also have Eastern roots that came with migrations within the historical era. The N3 haplogroup seems to have come with the Kven people (kvener) and the Kvens have interesting migration histories. In the southern Nordic areas the Saami have had somewhat different population developments than in the northern parts."
And on Flickr, the author of saamiblog posted the following comment:
[N1c] is most prevalent in present Finland, it is not specifically connected to the Saami. In general males in Finland have extreme frequencies of y-DNA haplogroup N (LLY22). Some areas in eastern Finland have over 80% of males with haplogroup N. These are not Saami males. To the Saami people y-DNA N very likely came with people from Russia to Finland, from where this haplogroup spread to the Saami. Some old studies of Cuman or Qunok people who settled in old Hungary abt. 1100-1200 AD found 2 of 4 males with N. Other men with N very likely came directly from Siberia to Finland and then to the Saami. We call these males Kven or Kvens (plural) in Norway and Sweden. Most Kvens were farmers and still today they have their own culture and language that is dissimilar from the Saami. The Kven people ver likely migrated in to these areas from abt. 1500-1600. K. Pitkanen (1994) ) have studied the colonization of Finland by agriculturists and found that the major settlements of Northern Finland happened after the 16th century."
Is anyone familiar with any published research or articles that discuss or support the idea that N1c in Samis came from recent intermarriage with Kven males? Or does anyone here personally support it? If so, why? (I.e., what's the logic?)
Since I've never come across anything in the scientific literature even suggesting that N1c in Samis is attributed to intermarriage with immigrating Finnish Kvens (into Sapmi, the region which Samis are the indigenous inhabitants of) within the last few hundred years, I asked the author of the blog about it. But the article he or she provided me with (Dupuy et al 2005) only mentions Kvens in passing whilst running through the history settlement history of Norway:
In the 16th and 17th centuries, people of Finnish extraction (known as Kvener) migrated from Finland via Sweden to northern Norway because of war and famine. In 1855, 6300 Kvener were registered in Troms and Finnmark. From 1620, Finns also migrated from central Finland via Sweden to eastern Norway. In 1686, 1200 Finns were registered in this region.
And there are only two mentions of the Sami in Dupuy et al 2005:
The Saami are considered the aboriginal inhabitants of Fennoscandia. At present, approximately 50,000 Saami are inhabitants of Norway.
In the present study, N3 is observed at 4% in the overall population [of Norway] and at 11% in the northern region corresponding to 150,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, respectively. These numbers exceed the total number of Saami inhabitants, which is oficially recognized as about 50,000 (http://www.sametinget.se)... There is thus a considerable pool of Saami and/or Finnish Y-chromosomes in the Norwegian population and particularly in the north.
Since none of those statements actually discuss or even support the Kven/Sami/N1c theory, I'm guess that the saamiblog author is just speculating. But the theory seems unlikely to me because:
1. Dupuy et al 2005 state that, according to their study, N1c is present in Norway in about 150,000 people (100,000 more people than the entire population of Norway Sami). The 1,200 Finns registered in Northern Norway during the 1600's and the 6,300 Finnish Kvens registered in the 1800's mentioned by study (7,500 Finns in all) could not be entirely responsible for the 150,000 incidences of N1c in Norway today, right?
2. Dupuy et al 2005 actually attributes the incidences of N1c in Norwegians to an influx "Saami and/or Finnish Y-chromosomes," which leads me to believe that Dupuy et al do not consider N1c in Samis to be the result of a recent admixture with a small population of Kvens, especially due the article's statement regarding N1c and the Uralic languages (see below).
3. While the Sami languages have a Paleo-European (non-Uralic) substratum (as does Finnish), they are nevertheless Finno-Ugric or Uralic languages. (I'm aware that N1c doesn't always equal Uralic speaking, or vice versa.) Dupuy et al 2005 states:
[i]Haplogroup N3 has been interpreted as a signature of Uralic Finno-Ugric speaking males migrating to northern Scandinavia about 4000
"The early origins of the present Saami are northwestern European. In some parts of the Saami areas some of our ancestors also have Eastern roots that came with migrations within the historical era. The N3 haplogroup seems to have come with the Kven people (kvener) and the Kvens have interesting migration histories. In the southern Nordic areas the Saami have had somewhat different population developments than in the northern parts."
And on Flickr, the author of saamiblog posted the following comment:
[N1c] is most prevalent in present Finland, it is not specifically connected to the Saami. In general males in Finland have extreme frequencies of y-DNA haplogroup N (LLY22). Some areas in eastern Finland have over 80% of males with haplogroup N. These are not Saami males. To the Saami people y-DNA N very likely came with people from Russia to Finland, from where this haplogroup spread to the Saami. Some old studies of Cuman or Qunok people who settled in old Hungary abt. 1100-1200 AD found 2 of 4 males with N. Other men with N very likely came directly from Siberia to Finland and then to the Saami. We call these males Kven or Kvens (plural) in Norway and Sweden. Most Kvens were farmers and still today they have their own culture and language that is dissimilar from the Saami. The Kven people ver likely migrated in to these areas from abt. 1500-1600. K. Pitkanen (1994) ) have studied the colonization of Finland by agriculturists and found that the major settlements of Northern Finland happened after the 16th century."
Is anyone familiar with any published research or articles that discuss or support the idea that N1c in Samis came from recent intermarriage with Kven males? Or does anyone here personally support it? If so, why? (I.e., what's the logic?)
Since I've never come across anything in the scientific literature even suggesting that N1c in Samis is attributed to intermarriage with immigrating Finnish Kvens (into Sapmi, the region which Samis are the indigenous inhabitants of) within the last few hundred years, I asked the author of the blog about it. But the article he or she provided me with (Dupuy et al 2005) only mentions Kvens in passing whilst running through the history settlement history of Norway:
In the 16th and 17th centuries, people of Finnish extraction (known as Kvener) migrated from Finland via Sweden to northern Norway because of war and famine. In 1855, 6300 Kvener were registered in Troms and Finnmark. From 1620, Finns also migrated from central Finland via Sweden to eastern Norway. In 1686, 1200 Finns were registered in this region.
And there are only two mentions of the Sami in Dupuy et al 2005:
The Saami are considered the aboriginal inhabitants of Fennoscandia. At present, approximately 50,000 Saami are inhabitants of Norway.
In the present study, N3 is observed at 4% in the overall population [of Norway] and at 11% in the northern region corresponding to 150,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, respectively. These numbers exceed the total number of Saami inhabitants, which is oficially recognized as about 50,000 (http://www.sametinget.se)... There is thus a considerable pool of Saami and/or Finnish Y-chromosomes in the Norwegian population and particularly in the north.
Since none of those statements actually discuss or even support the Kven/Sami/N1c theory, I'm guess that the saamiblog author is just speculating. But the theory seems unlikely to me because:
1. Dupuy et al 2005 state that, according to their study, N1c is present in Norway in about 150,000 people (100,000 more people than the entire population of Norway Sami). The 1,200 Finns registered in Northern Norway during the 1600's and the 6,300 Finnish Kvens registered in the 1800's mentioned by study (7,500 Finns in all) could not be entirely responsible for the 150,000 incidences of N1c in Norway today, right?
2. Dupuy et al 2005 actually attributes the incidences of N1c in Norwegians to an influx "Saami and/or Finnish Y-chromosomes," which leads me to believe that Dupuy et al do not consider N1c in Samis to be the result of a recent admixture with a small population of Kvens, especially due the article's statement regarding N1c and the Uralic languages (see below).
3. While the Sami languages have a Paleo-European (non-Uralic) substratum (as does Finnish), they are nevertheless Finno-Ugric or Uralic languages. (I'm aware that N1c doesn't always equal Uralic speaking, or vice versa.) Dupuy et al 2005 states:
[i]Haplogroup N3 has been interpreted as a signature of Uralic Finno-Ugric speaking males migrating to northern Scandinavia about 4000
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