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Regarding P311... The question of geography isn't relevant to the fact that 1798 finds incredulous.
The mutation that defines P311 happened once in one man & all men, anywhere, who are P311+, are patrilineal descendants of that man.
The same can be said for the upstream clades: L11, L51, L23, M269, P297 & M343, as well as the SNPs that define P1, P (aka K2b2), K2b, K2, K... going all the way back to A00.
P311 must be younger than L11 & each of the above younger than the one listed afterward. The best estimate for WHEN the P311 mutation occurred is 4,500 to 5,000 years ago. If a P311+ result were found in an ancient sample older than 5,500 years ago, regardless of where, various theories would have to be adjusted somewhat. If a P311+ result were found that was say 10,000 years old, a radical revision would be in order. But we can't just assume that these will be found. The only thing that we can use until such an ancient sample is found is the estimate provided by experts like Hammer & others.
When we bring geography into the picture, there is a strong indication that P & P1 emerged from a population expansion in southeast Asia. Survivors that are P or P1 have been found among the Aeta in the Philippines. Seems most likely that R & Q emerged in a southeast Asian population that was following the Pacific coast northward. One can infer that somewhere around Korea or Japan, there was a split; one group continued to follow the coast northward, right into Beringia; the other group worked its way inland & found a new home on the eastern end of southern Siberia. At present, this appears to be the most parsimonious interpretation. By 25,000 years ago, the group had moved as far inland as where the Mal'ta boy was found.
Timothy Peterman
The mutation that defines P311 happened once in one man & all men, anywhere, who are P311+, are patrilineal descendants of that man.
The same can be said for the upstream clades: L11, L51, L23, M269, P297 & M343, as well as the SNPs that define P1, P (aka K2b2), K2b, K2, K... going all the way back to A00.
P311 must be younger than L11 & each of the above younger than the one listed afterward. The best estimate for WHEN the P311 mutation occurred is 4,500 to 5,000 years ago. If a P311+ result were found in an ancient sample older than 5,500 years ago, regardless of where, various theories would have to be adjusted somewhat. If a P311+ result were found that was say 10,000 years old, a radical revision would be in order. But we can't just assume that these will be found. The only thing that we can use until such an ancient sample is found is the estimate provided by experts like Hammer & others.
When we bring geography into the picture, there is a strong indication that P & P1 emerged from a population expansion in southeast Asia. Survivors that are P or P1 have been found among the Aeta in the Philippines. Seems most likely that R & Q emerged in a southeast Asian population that was following the Pacific coast northward. One can infer that somewhere around Korea or Japan, there was a split; one group continued to follow the coast northward, right into Beringia; the other group worked its way inland & found a new home on the eastern end of southern Siberia. At present, this appears to be the most parsimonious interpretation. By 25,000 years ago, the group had moved as far inland as where the Mal'ta boy was found.
Timothy Peterman
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